世界爱猪病协会(猪译馆全球猪病监测报告2023年5月上)

农村养殖畜牧网养猪技术 2023-07-24 16:10:46 442

译者的话：

经济和防疫政策相冲突时，各国地方与中央职能部门的一致性有所不同：英国全国养猪协会(NPA)对英国政府承认进口肉类管制失误表示震惊和担忧，政府对应的边境目标运营模式草案提出了一种新的控制方法并计划分三个阶段实施；非洲猪瘟在菲律宾12个地区蔓延，宿雾省长格温多林·加西亚竟然解除了对全省生猪流动的所有控制并对该国农业部的检测方法提出质疑。法国非洲猪瘟国家参考实验室以格鲁吉亚2007/1毒株的减毒变种株为基础的非瘟减毒疫苗的研究为非瘟的防控燃起了希望的灯火。巴厘岛暴发了由猪链球菌引起的脑膜炎，迄今在岛上至少发现了38例人类脑膜炎病例，游巴厘，需谨慎。全球猪病状况，请看5月版。

全球猪病监测报告2023年5月（上）

Swine Disease Global Surveillance Report, May 2023 - Part 1

报告关键点

Report Highlights

● 希腊商品猪场首次暴发非洲猪瘟：这是非洲猪瘟自2020年在一个小农场发生以来首次在家猪中暴发疫情。

First ASF outbreak in a commercial farm in Greece: This is the first report of an outbreak in domestic pigs since the previous case in a smallholder's premises in 2020.

● 英国和匈牙利取消区域化限制：两国已表达了取消目前与非洲猪瘟相关的区域化限制的意图。

UK and Hungary to lift regionalization restrictions: Both countries have communicated their intention to lift current regionalization restrictions related to ASF.

● 法国加入非洲猪瘟疫苗研发竞赛：法国食品、环境和职业健康安全局实验室报告了一种有潜力和希望的非洲猪瘟候选疫苗研发结果。

France joins the ASF vaccine race: ANSES's laboratory reports promising results of an ASF vaccine candidate.

● 巴厘岛猪链球菌疫情：岛上发现至少38例由猪链球菌引起的人类脑膜炎病例。

Streptococcus suis outbreak in Bali: At least 38 human cases of meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis were identified on the island.

● 巴西召回口蹄疫疫苗：政府已禁止在该国使用该疫苗

Withdrawal of FMD vaccine in Brazil: The government has banned the use of the vaccine in seven states.

在入境口岸的监察

Surveillance at Points of Entry

● 澳大利亚处于警戒状态：澳大利亚生物安全官员在悉尼的一个仓库查获了近40吨高风险食品，包括来自海外的猪肉、牛肉和其他食品。

Australia on alert: Almost 40 tons of high-risk foods, including pork, beef, and other items from overseas, have been seized by Australian biosecurity officials at a Sydney warehouse.

● 与菲律宾境内猪肉产品流动有关的风险：来自宿务岛和班乃岛的价值130万比索(合23250美元)的猪肉及其相关产品在内格罗斯北部的港口被没收。

Risk associated with movement of pork products within The Philippines: P1.3 million（约合人民币16.38万） ($23,250) worth of pork and its related products from Cebu and Panay islands were confiscated at ports in northern Negros.

● 新加坡暂停生猪进口：在一批生猪中发现非洲猪瘟后，当局已禁止从印度尼西亚进口生猪。

Singapore suspends pig imports: Authorities have banned the import of live pigs from Indonesia following the detection of ASF in a shipment of live pigs.

世界爱猪病协会(猪译馆全球猪病监测报告2023年5月上)

4月全球猪病暴发情况

OUTBREAKS BRIEF

世界爱猪病协会(猪译馆全球猪病监测报告2023年5月上)

上表中的颜色代表疫情的严重程度，这是基于对美国养猪行业确定的危害和潜在的风险划分的；等级(R) 1：蓝色—风险状态没有改变；2：红色—需要额外关注，因为疫情是动态的；3：黑色—需要考虑改变操作以降低对美国养猪业的风险。

Outbreaks described in the table above are colored according to an assigned significance score. The score is based on the identified hazard and potential to affect the US swine industry. Rank (R) Blue: 1 - no change in status; Red: 2 - needs extra attention as the situation is dynamic; Black: 3 - requires consideration or change in practices to reduce exposure to the US swine industry.

非洲猪瘟

African Swine Fever

欧洲

EUROPE

4月(2023年4月6日- 2023年4月26日)，四个国家(希腊、波兰、罗马尼亚和塞尔维亚)通过欧盟动物疾病信息系统报告了28起家猪疫情。该疾病自2020年以来首次在希腊重新出现，而波兰也发生了今年的首次疫情。

In April (04/06/2023 - 04/26/2023), four countries (Greece, Poland, Romania, and Serbia) reported 28 outbreaks in domestic pigs through the EU Animal Diseases Information System. The disease reappeared for the first time since 2020 in Greece, and the first outbreak this year was registered on a pig farm in Poland.

在野猪种群中，12个国家(保加利亚、捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、德国、匈牙利、意大利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚和斯洛伐克)共报告了476起疫情。波兰(178例)仍然是野猪病例数量最多的国家，其次是意大利(82例)和德国(67例)。自今年年初以来，截至4月21日，16个国家共报告了3478野猪疫情。

In the wild boar population, a total of 476 outbreaks were reported by 12 countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia). Poland (n=178) continues to be the country with the highest number of outbreaks of wild boar, followed by Italy (n=82) and Germany (n=67). Since the beginning of the year, 16 countries had reported a total of 3478 wild boar outbreaks as of April 21.

区域大事记：

Regional highlights:

●希腊：4月26日：希腊第二个猪场暴发非洲猪瘟。已确认在马其顿中部塞雷斯地区的一个养猪场暴发了非洲猪瘟。为此，已向该地区派遣了国家和区域兽医小组，根据欧盟和国家立法处理该疫情。农业经济部副部长Giorgos Kefalas表示，该疾病可能是通过邻国保加利亚的野猪传播到该地区的，保加利亚已经报告了几例非洲猪瘟病例。

Greece | April 26: ASF reaches the second pig farm in the country. An ASF outbreak has been confirmed on a pig breeding farm in the Central Macedonian regional unit of Serres. In response, national and regional veterinary teams have been dispatched to the area to deal with the case in accordance with EU and national legislation. The deputy governor of the Agricultural Economy, Giorgos Kefalas, has communicated that the disease likely spread to the region through wild boars from neighboring Bulgaria, where several ASF cases have been recorded.

值得注意的是，2020年2月的第一起家猪非洲猪瘟疫情也是在塞雷斯地区报告的。此次疫情尚未通过官方渠道向世界动物卫生组织 (WOAH) 报告。

It's worth noting that the first ASF outbreak in domestic pigs was also recorded in the Serres area in February 2020. This outbreak has not yet been reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) through official channels.

●波兰：4月12日：今年首次在后院农场暴发疫情。非洲猪瘟疫情发生在下西里西亚省卢巴泽镇一个拥有16头猪的中等规模农场。该镇位于波兰遥远的西南地区，距离德国边境大约20公里(12英里)，距离捷克共和国边境13公里(8英里)。该农场是下西里西亚省家猪中发现的第16例非洲猪瘟病例。至此，自10年前该病毒首次进入波兰以来，波兰家养猪场报告的AFS疫情总数达到479起。在被发现感染的479个农场中，只有32个农场的生猪数量超过1,000头。相比之下，有367起疫情发生在猪只不足100头的农场。最初，疫情仅限于波兰东部，与西部相比，那里的后院农场集中度更高。然而，自2019年11月以来，该病毒也在波兰西部出现，导致该地区农场暴发“一波”疫情，目前有55个地点出现疫情。

Poland | April 12: The first outbreak on a backyard farm was reported this year. An outbreak of ASF occurred on a modest-sized farm that had 16 pigs, in the town of Lubań, situated in the Lower Silesia province. The town is located in the far southwest region of the country, roughly 20 km (12 miles) from the German border and 13 km (8 miles) from the Czech Republic border. This particular farm is the 16th case of ASF found in domestic pigs in the Lower Silesia province. This outbreak brings the total number of reported cases of AFS in domestic pig farms in Poland to 479 since the virus first entered the country a decade ago. Out of the 479 farms found to be infected, only 32 had over 1,000 pigs present. In contrast, 367 outbreaks happened on farms with fewer than 100 pigs on-site. Initially, the outbreaks were limited to eastern Poland, where there is a higher concentration of backyard farming compared to the west. However, since November 2019, the virus has also surfaced in western Poland, resulting in a "wave" of farm outbreaks in that region, with the current count at 55 locations.

●英国：4月20日：例行检查发现进口肉类不适合在英国零售商店销售。在最近地方当局进行的例行检查中，在英国的零售商店中发现了冷冻、生肉和未烹制的肉类产品。这些产品被清楚地标记为只适合在其原产欧盟国家销售。随后的调查显示，两家进口商购买了这些产品，并进入英国的280多家零售店。

UK | April 20: Routine inspections reveal imported meat unsuitable for sale in the UK in retail outlets. During recent routine inspections conducted by local authorities, frozen, raw, and uncooked meat products were discovered in retail shops in the UK. These products were clearly labeled as suitable for sale only in their originating EU country. Subsequent investigations revealed that two importers had purchased these products and were linked to over 280 retail outlets in the UK.

英国政府将这一事件作为案例纳入其边境目标运营模式草案，该草案概述了英国脱欧后进口货物边境管制的拟议模式。当局强调，尽管检测后没有发现非洲猪瘟阳性，但此类产品在英国的存在对该国的养猪业构成了重大而直接的威胁。

The UK government included this incident as a case study in its draft Border Target Operating Model, which outlines a proposed model for border control for imported goods after Brexit. Authorities emphasized that despite the absence of a positive test for ASF, the presence of such products in the UK poses a significant and immediate threat to the country's pig industry.

全国养猪协会(NPA)对政府承认进口管制失误表示震惊和担忧，但表示并不完全感到惊讶。根据NPA首席执行官Lizzie Wilson的说法，他们多年来一直告诉政府对欧盟肉类进口检查不足的危险，这对英国猪肉行业构成了不可接受的风险。

The National Pig Association (NPA) expressed shock and concern about the government's admission of import control lapses but stated that they are not entirely surprised. According to NPA Chief Executive Lizzie Wilson, they have warned the government for years about the dangers of inadequate checks on EU meat imports, which poses an unacceptable risk to the UK pork industry.

英国政府的案例研究表明，如果实施了适当的卫生和植物检疫控制，那么这些产品就不会被允许进入英国，因为它们没有得到原产国兽医的出口认证。政府的边境目标运营模式草案提出了一种新的控制方法，计划在2023年10月底至2024年10月31日之间分三个阶段实施。

The UK government's case study suggested that if proper sanitary and phytosanitary controls had been in place, the products in question would not have been allowed to enter the UK as they would not have been certified for export by a veterinarian in the originating country. The government's draft Border Target Operating Model proposes a new approach to these controls, with implementation planned in three phases between the end of October 2023 and October 31, 2024.

●德国：4月4日：在勃兰登堡州野猪中暴发非洲猪瘟后形成的4个指定核心区，由于这些地区没有发生新的疫情，将取消对农业和林业用地的限制。特别是，在该州的巴尔尼姆县、梅基施-奥得兰县、奥得-施普利县、普利希尼茨县地区以及位于勃兰登堡州东部的独立市镇奥得河畔法兰克福地区，在把某个区域开发成为农场之前，不需要再寻找死亡的动物（猪只）。在兽医办公室确定的区域内，经地区批准，可以再次自由放养和户外饲养家猪，前提是动物饲养者履行必要的生物安全措施。

Germany | April 4: The designated four core areas formed after ASF broke out in wild boar in Brandenburg state, and restrictions on land use for agriculture and forestry will be lifted since no new outbreaks occurred in these zones. In particular, it is no longer necessary to search in the districts of Barnim, Märkisch-Oderland, Oder-Spree, Prignitz, and in the independent city of Frankfurt an der Oder for the fallen game before an area is farmed. Free-range and outdoor keeping of domestic pigs is possible again in the areas defined by the veterinary offices and with the district's approval, provided that the animal keepers fulfill the necessary biosecurity measures.

非洲猪瘟通过迁徙的野猪从波兰西部进入勃兰登堡州，结果形成了11个核心区。根据勃兰登堡州消费者保护国务秘书的说法，通过持续实施控制措施，例如在这些地区广泛设置围栏，清除野猪和寻找死亡猎物，已经有可能阻止疾病向西方传播，并将其推回至非洲猪瘟保护带。

ASF entered Brandenburg state through western Poland via migrating wild boar; as a result, 11 core areas were formed. According to the Brandenburg state secretary for consumer protection, it has been possible to stop the spread of the disease towards the west and to push it back as far as the ASF protection corridor through the consistent implementation of the control measures such as extensive fencing, wild boar removals and fallen game searches in these districts.

除勃兰登堡州外，非洲猪瘟病毒还向北部的梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞州和南部的萨克森州蔓延。总的来说，非洲猪瘟只影响了德国8个养猪场，其中4个养猪场的生猪少于15头。

In addition to Brandenburg state, the ASF virus has also spread to the north in Mecklenburg- Vorpommern state and to the south in Saxony state. Overall, ASF has only affected eight farms with domestic pigs in Germany, with four farms having fewer than 15 pigs present.

●匈牙利：4月17日：几个国家减少了对非洲猪瘟的限制。匈牙利当局已要求欧洲委员会在若干领域取消目前的风险区域化计划。

Hungary | April 17: ASF restrictions reduced in several counties. The Hungarian authorities have requested the European Commission to lift the current risk regionalization scheme in several areas.

当局建议消除的风险分类单位包括：

The authorities have recommended terminating the risk classification:

○巴奇-基什孔州的5个高风险野生动物管理单位

for five high-risk wildlife management units in Bács-Kiskun County and,

○琼格拉德州的7个高风险野生动物管理单位

all seven high-risk wildlife management units in Csongrád-Csanád County.

○此外，他们还要求降低加兹-纳杰孔-索尔诺克州6个受感染野生动物管理单位和贝凯什14个受感染野生动物管理单位的风险等级。

In addition, they have asked for a reduction in risk classification for six infected wildlife management units in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County and 14 in Békés County.

如果这一要求得到批准，养猪生产者和肉类工厂将能够在更少的限制下恢复该地区的贸易。这将是对抗非洲猪瘟的重要一步，证明在疾病防御上的努力产生了有意义的结果。当局认为，坚持这些措施至关重要，取消限制将提振当地经济。

If this request is granted, producers and meat plants will be able to resume trading within the region with fewer limitations. This would be a significant step forward in the fight against the disease, proving that the efforts spent on defense yield meaningful results. The authorities believe that persisting with these measures is essential, and lifting restrictions would boost the local economy.

区域化的协议

Regionalization agreements

匈牙利是受非洲猪瘟影响的欧盟国家中第一个与日本签订猪肉产品分销区域化协议的国家。与韩国的协议也在进行中，乌克兰市场可能很快就会开放。当局的专家已经在等待乌克兰代表团的访问。

Hungary was the first of the EU countries affected by the disease to conclude a regionalization agreement with Japan for the distribution of pork products. The same agreement is underway with South Korea, and the Ukrainian market may soon become available. The experts of the authority are already waiting for the visit of the Ukrainian delegation.

世界爱猪病协会(猪译馆全球猪病监测报告2023年5月上)

图1：非洲猪瘟疫情在欧洲的分布：2023年4月6日- 2023年4月26日 (资料来源：粮农组织-全球动物疾病信息系统)

Map 1. The distribution African swine fever outbreaks in Europe: April 6, 2023 - April 26, 2023 (Source: FAO EMPRES-i)

亚洲 ASIA

4月，7个国家(不丹、尼泊尔、菲律宾、韩国、越南、印度尼西亚和新加坡(从印度尼西亚进口的猪中确认了病例) )报告了家猪非洲猪瘟暴发，另外两个国家(马来西亚和韩国)报告了野猪中的新病例(地图2和3)。

In April, seven countries (Bhutan, Nepal, The Philippines, South Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Singapore (cases confirmed in imported pigs from Indonesia)) reported ASF outbreaks in domestic swine, and another two (Malaysia and South Korea) reported new cases in wild boars (Maps 2 and 3).

区域大事记：

Regional highlights:

●不丹：3月30日：非洲猪瘟疫情在短暂中断后重现不丹南部。在沙邦地区，后院猪群中的83头猪被检测为非洲猪瘟阳性。根据提交给WOAH的报告，有4头猪在靠近印度边境的地方死亡。几天内，同一地区一个拥有近600头猪的农场发生了第二次疫情。

Bhutan | March 30: ASF returned to southern Bhutan after a brief hiatus. In the district of Sarpang, 83 pigs in a backyard herd tested positive for ASF. According to the report submitted to WOAH, four animals died at the premises near the border with India. Within a few days, a second outbreak was recorded in the same district at a farm with almost 600 pigs.

●印度：4月5日：梅加拉亚邦的达鲁村和阿西拉格雷村宣布为非洲猪瘟疫点。该决定是基于2023年3月30日对猪组织样本进行的非洲猪瘟检测确认阳性。根据渔农畜产奶牛部公布的《非洲猪瘟控制、遏制和净化国家行动计划》，限制措施立即适用于感染场所周围1公里内的村庄，被指定为“感染区”。此外，被指定为“监测区”的受感染场所周围10公里范围内的所有村庄都受到限制。

India | April 5: Meghalaya’s Dalu and Asiragre villages declared ASF epicenters. The decision was based on ASF-positive testing of pig tissue samples on March 30, 2023. As per the National Action Plan for control, containment, and eradication of African Swine Fever published by the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying, the restrictions immediately apply to villages within a 1 km radius surrounding the infected premises, designated as the "Infected Zone." Moreover, restrictions apply to all villages falling within a 10 km radius surrounding the infected premises, designated as the "Surveillance Zone."

与此同时，因为该国不同地区发生了零星的非洲猪瘟事件，作为预防措施，特里普拉邦政府已经禁止从邦外进口猪和仔猪。3月初，阿萨姆邦政府禁止家禽和猪通过邦西部边境进入该邦。特里普拉邦和梅加拉亚邦是最近几个星期发现这种病毒的九个东北部邦。

Meanwhile, the Tripura state government has banned importing pigs and piglets from outside the state as precautionary measures due to the sporadic ASF incidents in different parts of the country. Earlier in March, the Assam government had banned the entry of poultry and pigs to the state through the state's western border. Tripura and Meghalaya are the latest nine northeast states to detect the virus in the last weeks. 世界爱猪病协会(猪译馆全球猪病监测报告2023年5月上)

图2：截至2023年4月13日，非洲猪瘟在亚洲家猪和野猪中的暴发分布。(数据来源：粮农组织-全球动物疾病信息系统；越南：世界动物健康信息系统和媒体信息；韩国、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、东帝汶：世界动物健康信息系统和政府网站，其他国家：世界动物健康信息系统)

Map 2. African swine fever outbreak distribution in domestic pigs and wild boars in Asia as of April 13, 2023. (Source: FAO EMPRES-i - Data sources: Viet Nam: WAHIS & media information, Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia, Timor-Leste: WAHIS and government websites, Other: WAHIS)

●韩国：4月4日：京畿道抱川市报告了第四次非洲猪瘟疫情。在京畿道抱川市的一个养猪场，确认了新的疫情。该农场与3月19日和29日发生疫情的农场同属于同一个农场主。据官员称，该农场主名下的9个农场正在接受检测。当局已下令按照标准准则扑杀受影响农场的约9,400头猪。

South Korea | April 4: The fourth ASF outbreak reported in Pocheon. A new outbreak has been confirmed on a pig farm in Pocheon, Gyeonggi Province, from the same owner as an earlier outbreak on March 19 and 29. According to officials, tests are being conducted at nine farms owned by this individual. Authorities have ordered the culling of approximately 9400 pigs at the affected farm in accordance with standard guidelines.

政府正在加强控制措施，以解决对非洲猪瘟在当地农场蔓延的担忧。这些措施包括：

The government is addressing concerns about the spread of ASF in local farms by strengthening control measures. These measures include:

●加强对铁原、高城、涟川等西部和北部边境地区猪场的检查。今年计划进行约20万次定期检查，而去年的检查次数为14.4万次。

Increasing the frequency of inspections in pig farms located in the western and northern parts of the country, including border counties such as Cheorwon, Goseng, and Yeoncheon. The ministry plans to conduct about 200,000 regular checks, compared to 144,000 completed last year.

●设立监督农场实施检疫措施的特别工作组。

Establishing a task force to oversee the implementation of quarantine measures by domestic farms.

●加大搜寻和隔离受感染动物的力度，包括猎杀野猪。

Intensifying efforts to search for and isolate affected animals, including hunting wild boars.

●在南北边境地区增设车辆消毒检查站，并在交通繁忙的道路上部署消毒车。

Adding more checkpoints for vehicle disinfection near the inter-Korean border areas and fumigation trucks will be deployed to roads with high traffic.

今年到目前为止，在该国的养猪场发现了7起非洲猪瘟疫情。为了遏制其蔓延，政府正在解决野猪数量大幅增加、春季农业集约化以及山区人流量增加等因素。

So far this year, seven outbreaks of ASF have been detected on pig farms in the country. To combat its spread, the government is addressing factors such as the significant increase in the wild boar population, intensified farming during springtime, and higher foot traffic in the mountains.

未完待续……

To be continued…

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世界爱猪病协会(猪译馆全球猪病监测报告2023年5月上)